Vanadium and Diabetes
Research studies have demonstrated that several genes of insulin signaling pathway are involved in the effect of Vanadium treatment of hyperglycemia. (Ref 1)
It has been found that the poly oxovanadium complex exhibits potent antidiabetic activity in diabetes type I and type 2 in mice. (Ref 2)
Studies indicate that the oral vanadyl acetyl acetonate is well tolerated and benefits diabetic osteopathy of rats and improves diabetes related bone disorders particularly by improving the diabetic state. (Ref 3)
Vanadium is a well known anti-diabetic agent which mimics most of the actions of insulin on mature adipocytes. Studies (Ref 4) show a new dimension in vanadium treatment for diabetes due to its novel role in adipogenensis.
Bis oxovanadium (IV) is a new orally active anti-diabetic organic vanadium complex and it has anti-diabetic and insulin-sensitizing effects in diabetic rats, exhibiting the potential to be developed as a new therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes. (Ref 5)
Bis oxovanadium (IV) is a safe and potent agent for diabetes treatment because it is able to improve carbohydrate metabolism and to reduce oxidative stress. (Ref 6)
Vanadyl sulfate and taurine are two promising agents in the treatment of diabetes related to their antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipemic, and hyperinsulinemic effects. (Ref 7)
An oxovanadium complex has been tested for bioactivity as an insulin enhancing agent and results showed that the complex at specific doses could lower the blood glucose level in 
Oxovanadium is proposed to be an orally active complex for treating type I diabetes and type 2 diabetes in animals. (Ref 9)
A review has been done regarding vanadium’s glucose-enhancing potential, its biodistribution, and biomolecular transformation and its mechanism of action in diabetes treatment. (Ref 10)
The diabetes-associated biochemical and morphological alterations in Golgi complexes were investigated and results showed that sodium metavandate affected diabetic rat liver Golgi complexes. (Ref 11)
Insulin-mimetic vanadyl-poly complex is proposed as a novel drug delivery system for treating type 1 diabetic animals and results showed improvement in diabetes as seen by results on oral glucose tolerance test, HbA(1c) levels, and blood pressure. (Ref 13, 14)
Research data indicate immense hypoglycemic activity and reduced toxicity of oxovanadium complex. (Ref 15)
Treatment with Vanadium, a representative of class of anti-diabetic compounds alleviates hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Oral administration of vanadium compounds in animal models and humans does not cause clinical symptoms of hypoglycemia, a common problem for diabetic patients with insulin treatment. (Ref 16)
Studies have showed that vanadyl sulfate trihydrate can inhibit c AMP dependent protein kinase. (Ref 17)
Among several metals, Vanadium has emerged as an extremely potent agent with insulin-like properties. These insulin-like properties have been demonstrated in isolated cells, tissues, different animal models of type 1 an dtype2 diabetes as well as on a limited number of human subjects. Insulin signal mimicry is suggested as a mechanism for the insulin-like effects of Vanadium.
- Effect of vanadate on gene expression of the insulin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
- Amelioration of Hyperglycemia and Metabolic Syndromes in Type 2 Diabetic KKA(y) Mice by Poly (gamma-glutamic acid) oxovanadium (IV) Complex.
- Effects on the bones of vanadyl acetylacetonate by oral administration: a comparison study in diabetic rats. J Bone Miner Metab. 2007; 25(5):293-301. Epub 2007 Aug 25.
- Adipogenic action of vanadium: a new dimension in treating diabetes.
- Effects of bis(alpha-furancarboxylato)oxovanadium(IV) on glucose metabolism in fat-fed/streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Oct 31; 572(2-3):213-9. Epub 2007 Jun 19.
- Bis (quercetinato) oxovanadium IV Reverses Metabolic Changes in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice.
- Vanadyl sulfate, taurine, and combined vanadyl sulfate and taurine treatments in diabetic rats: effects on the oxidative and antioxidative systems.
- In vivo insulin-mimetic activity of [N, N’-1, 3-propyl-bis (salicyladimine)]oxovanadium(IV).
- Improvement of hyperglycaemia and metabolic syndromes in type 2 diabetic KKAy mice by oral treatment with [meso-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato] oxovanadium (IV) (4- ) complex.
- Vanadium in diabetes: 100 years from Phase 0 to Phase I.
- Sodium metavanadate affected control and streptozotocin-diabetic rat liver golgi complexes. Pol J Pathol. 2006; 57(2):91-7.
- Follow-up studies on glycosylated flavonoids and their complexes with vanadium: their anti-hyperglycemic potential role in diabetes.
- A novel drug delivery system for type 1 diabetes: insulin-mimetic vanadyl-poly (gamma-glutamic acid) complex.
- Bis (allixinato) oxovanadium (IV) complex is a potent antidiabetic agent: studies on structure-activity relationship for a series of hydroxypyrone-vanadium complexes.
- Reduction of oxidative stress induced vanadium toxicity by complexing with a flavonoid, quercetin: a pragmatic therapeutic approach for diabetes.
- Diabetes-altered gene expression in rat skeletal muscle corrected by oral administration of vanadyl sulfate.
Diabetes and Chromium
Chromium is an essential mineral that appears to have beneficial role in regulation of insulin action, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Evidence shows that chromium may facilitate insulin signaling and supplementation with chromium may improve systemic insulin sensitivity. Supplementation with chromium picolinate, a stable and highly bioavailable form of chromium has been shown to reduce insulin resistance and to help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
The research study in reference 2 suggests that chromium supplementation can lower the risk of vascular inflammation in diabetes. Results indicated that metabolic disorders such as type2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity are associated with variations in serum levels and poor delivery of certain mineral elements like magnesium, copper, zinc, chromium and nickel. (Ref 3)
Research study showed that chromium picolinate has marked beneficial effects against macrovascular complications and its potential role in diabetes management. (Ref 4)
Dyslipidemia, often found in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, plays an important role in the process of cardiometabolic syndrome. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was done to evaluate the effect of chromium picolinate and biotin on lipid and lipoprotein levels. Data suggests that intervention with chromium picolinate biotin improves cardiometabolic risk factors. (Ref 5, 9)
Chromium yeast supplementation can be considered to improve carbohydrate and lipid metabolism amongst human patients featuring type 2 diabetes mellitus. (Ref 6)
Another research suggests that chromium niacinate supplementation may be useful in reducing vascular inflammation and the risk of
Chromium supplementation significantly improved glycemia in diabetic patients as per a systemic review of the effect of chromium supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipid levels. (Ref 8)
Glucose intolerance (type 2 diabetes mellitus) is an important factor that disturbs Chromium metabolism. (Ref 10)
Data supports the safety and therapeutic value of Chromium picolinate for the management of cholesterolemia and hyperglycemia in subjects with diabetes. (Ref 12)
According to a pilot study in diabetes type 2 patients chromium/biotin supplementation may represent an effective adjunctive nutritional therapy to people with poorly controlled diabetes with the potential for improving lipid metabolism. (Ref 13)
Results of study in reference 14 indicated that the effect of decreasing blood sugar by chromium complexes of D-glucosaminic acid was comparable to that of chromium complex currently used worldwide. (Ref 14)
Chromium picolinate supplementation in subjects with type2 diabetes who are taking sulfonylurea agents significantly improves insulin sensitivity and glucose control, and chromium picolinate supplementation significantly attenuated body weight and visceral fat accumulation compared with placebo group. (Ref 15)
Intake of milk powder containing 40 mcg/d of chromium for 16 weeks in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus resulted in lowering of FPG, fasting insulin, and improvement of metabolic insulin control in male patients. (Ref 16)
Chromium included early in the complex therapy is beneficial in the reduction of the degree of insulin resistance. (Ref 17)
Data from research study suggest that supplementation of well-controlled type 2 diabetes with chromium enriched yeast is safe and can result in improvements in blood glucose variables and oxidative stress. (Ref 18)
- Effect of chromium niacinate and chromium picolinate supplementation on lipid peroxidation, TNF-alpha, IL-6, CRP, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in blood of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats.
- Plasma mineral content in type-2 diabetic patients and their association with the metabolic syndrome.
- Effect of chromium on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the fat-fed, streptozotocin-treated rat.
- Combination of chromium and biotin improves coronary risk factors in hypercholesterolemic type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized clinical trial.
- Chromium yeast supplementation improves fasting plasma glucose and LDL-cholesterol in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
- High glucose and ketosis (acetoacetate) increases, and chromium niacinate decreases, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretion and oxidative stress in U937 monocytes.
- Effect of chromium supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipids: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
- Chromium picolinate and biotin combination improves glucose metabolism in treated, uncontrolled overweight to obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
- Longitudinal hair chromium profiles of elderly subjects with normal glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Chromium picolinate supplementation attenuates body weight gain and increases insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes: response to Martin et al.
- Clinical studies on chromium picolinate supplementation in diabetes mellitus–a review.
- The effect of chromium picolinate and biotin supplementation on glycemic control in poorly controlled patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized trial.
- Chromium (III) complexes of D-glucosaminic acid and their effect on decreasing blood sugar in vivo.
- Chromium picolinate supplementation attenuates body weight gain and increases insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
- The influence of chromium chloride-containing milk to glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.